There's plenty of discussion and articles on why the bill is bad, you definitely should go through those first.
I've summarised below what I felt were the "good" parts of this bill, followed by a set of questions that I'm hoping the more legally inclined here can help answer.
Please feel free to add in anything or correct anything that I might've gotten wrong

Good parts:

Anti discrimination is made very explicit, especially in things that matter like healthcare, education, jobs, all public facilities (including transportation and the right to movement), renting & purchasing accommodation/property, holding public office, etc
Asks govt to "provide for medical care facility including sex reassignment surgery and hormonal therapy" and "in accordance with the World Professional Association for Transgender Health guidelines" with "provision for coverage of medical expenses by a comprehensive insurance scheme for Sex Reassignment Surgery, hormonal therapy, laser therapy or any other health issues of transgender persons"
"National Council for Transgender Persons" - at least some guaranteed representation at the central level (how effective, funded or empowered it will be is another matter entirely, but it's at-least a foothold, especially in the face of some other countries flirting with outright transphobia)

Questions:

Ch 3

"right to self-perceived gender identity"

How does this relate to use of gendered spaces in public - restrooms, hostels, etc - does this give trans-men the right to use men's restrooms and other facilities and similarly trans-women constitutionally protected access to women's facilities? How do Non-binary identities play into this?

"if a transgender person undergoes surgery to change gender either as a male or female"

What surgeries would qualify? Would for instance an orchi for an MtF qualify? Who decides this?

"a certificate issued to that effect by the Medical Superintendent or Chief Medical Officer of the medical institution in which that person has undergone surgery"

Would this be the doctor performing the surgery?

"on being satisfied with the correctness of such certificate"

Is there a procedure or a set of requirements or guidelines based on which the "District Magistrate" will assess "correctness"?

"The person who has been issued a certificate of identity under section 6 or a revised certificate under sub-section (2) shall be entitled to change the first name in the birth certificate and all other official documents relating to the identity of such person"

Does this mean we won't have to go through the old gazette and newspaper advertisement process for name change?

"Provided that such change in gender and the issue of revised certificate under sub-section (2) shall not affect the rights and entitlements of such person under this Act."

I suppose they mean the anti-discrimination and welfare provisions - does this mean for instance, the reduced sentence for rape of transwomen still applies after they correct their gender marker?

After the issue of a certificate under sub-section (1) of section 6, if a transgender person undergoes surgery to change gender

Can one skip the issue of a certificate as a "transgender" and directly go for the final gender marker change with the District Magistrate after bottom surgery? Does this make it mandatory for people to first get this certificate before bottom surgery?

Ch 5

a right to enjoy and use the facilities of such household in a non-discriminatory manner

Does this grant protection against transphobic parents and relatives?

Ch 6

inclusive education and opportunities for sports, recreation and leisure activities to transgender persons without discrimination on an equal basis with others

How does this play with gendered sports teams? Does this ensure trans people can participate as their own gender?

provision for coverage of medical expenses by a comprehensive insurance scheme for Sex Reassignment Surgery, hormonal therapy, laser therapy or any other health issues of transgender persons

When will this kick in? What will be the process to apply for this?

Ch 9

The provisions of this Act shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of, any other law for the time being in force

How does this work with existing things like the "Nirbhaya Act" and others? Firstly do those acts have any existing protection for trans people? How about once they complete the gender change process under this act? And if those existing acts apply, would say rape (or sexual abuse, molestation, verbal abuse, etc) carry the same higher penalties that are outlined in Nirbhaya act, etc?

The appropriate Government may, subject to the condition of previous publication, by notification, make rules for carrying out the provisions of this Act.

Will this rule formation be done at the central level and be applicable across India or be left to various state governments to decide?

the procedure, form and manner and the period within which a certificate of identity is issued under sub-section (1) of section 6

Is there any indication on what this might look like? And when we can expect the rules to be formulated and put into practise? And why is this period left to the rules rather than being a part of the act itself?

Financial Memorandum

For the current financial year, an amount of one crore rupees has been allocated as budgetary expenditure for the transgender persons scheme

Isn't that too small an amount at a national level to meet all that the bill promises?

the-transgender-persons-protection-of-rights-bill-2019-bill-text.pdf

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